Today, in modern and developed societies, the concept of public rights, its preservation and development in various legal, economic, social, political and cultural dimensions is of increasing importance, so much so that it has been explicitly mentioned in the constitutions of countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to Article 156, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution, the judiciary, as an independent branch, is obliged to restore public rights and expand justice and legitimate freedoms. The role of prosecutors in ensuring public rights and implementing law and justice is very important, and they have serious powers and duties in order to achieve public rights. This theoretical article, using a descriptive-analytical method and in a library format, aims to examine the role of the prosecution institution and the prosecutor in criminally dealing with cases of violations of public rights, examine its possible examples, and state the legal doctrine in this regard. According to the assumptions of this article, it seems that the public rights mentioned in the Constitution include both individual rights and public rights of the people, which must be protected and safeguarded, and in the event of their violation or non-implementation, their restoration can also be carried out by the prosecutor. According to the assumptions of this article, it seems that the public rights mentioned in the Constitution include both individual rights and public rights of the people, which must be protected and safeguarded, and in the event of their violation or non-implementation, their restoration can also be carried out by the prosecutor.