از اصلاحات کلان تا تدابیر خُرد برای مقابله با فساد اقتصادی در راستای تحقق بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب اسلامی

From macro-reforms to micro-measures to combat economic corruption in line with the realization of the Second Step Declaration of Islamic Revolution
The dynamism and health of the economic system are fundamental requirements for sustainable development and progress of any country and play a decisive role in achieving economic justice and fair distribution of resources. One of the most important threats to this system is economic and financial-administrative corruption, which not only causes the deviation of national revenues from legitimate paths, but also severely weakens institutional cohesion and public trust in the government. The findings of the present study, based on a review of theoretical literature and analysis of data obtained from interviews with experts and legislators, show which effectively combating corruption in line with the goals of the Second Step of the Revolution Declaration, requires a comprehensive and combined approach; an approach that includes both preventive and proactive measures and criminal responses. Therefore, focusing solely on criminalization and criminal responses, due to neglect of structural, cultural, and institutional contexts, has limited results and is unable to sustainably reduce corruption. In contrast, proactive solutions, including changing economic policies, eliminating corruption-causing situations through transparency, and reforming the bureaucratic system, are effective tools for preventing corruption and promoting public trust.