One of the signs of a good life and good governance in any country is respect for the public rights of the people of the society and its evolution, which has been expected in recent years in the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the emphasis of the Supreme Leader (Mod zelah Al-Ali). In this regard, to determine the theoretical framework (paradigm) and explain public rights, these rights and the obstacles to their realization must first be identified. The defects and possible causes of difficulty in discovering them should be carefully counted. Therefore, this research was written with the aim of identifying and interpreting the damages in the process of identifying and discovering violations of public rights. The current research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method. In this regard, with a detailed description of the concept of public law, what it is and why it is investigated, with data related to the documentary method and careful analysis of existing laws, regulations, documents, and the examination of the theories of jurists and criminologists who have opinions, collected and the analysis is done. In the investigation, the most important factors include the weakness and inadequacy of the desired governance system (including the rule of law and divine values, the system of competent appointments, accountability, participation and transparency systems and the free circulation information), the problems in the structure of the administrative system. and various economic, social, cultural, judicial systems and weaknesses, gaps and legal deficiencies in the field of protection and pursuit of public rights, the weakness of the rule of law to recognize examples of public rights, the weakness of methodology and standardization of differential responses and etc. It causes difficulty in the process of discovering violations of public rights. Also, in order to overcome these challenges, there are requirements that lead to the protection of public rights.