Conflict of interest is one of the most important structural threats to public rights and the health of governance in the public sector. When the personal or group interests of government agents conflict with public interests, decisions and policies are directed to the benefit of specific groups instead of ensuring collective rights, which weakens distributive justice, inequities in access to public services, and reduces public trust. The main question of the present study is: "What are the effects of conflict of interest management on the preservation and restoration of public rights?" This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on a review of laws, regulations, and previous research, identifies the concept, dimensions, and types of conflict of interest in the public sector and its effects on public rights. The research findings show that effective management of conflict of interest through transparency, financial supervision of officials' property and assets, restrictions on simultaneous employment, and the development of institutional mechanisms can pave the way for reducing corruption, promoting distributive justice, and increasing public trust. Also, a review of the Iranian legal system and international documents such as the UN Convention and the OECD Guidelines shows that the lack of an integrated system and an efficient supervisory mechanism makes conflict of interest management inadequate and poses a serious threat to public rights. Finally, the present study emphasizes the need to develop a legal framework, supervisory organizational structures, and an organizational culture sensitive to conflict of interest.